c. style. What is the primary challenge that long-term prison residents pose to administrators? 275,000 At all political levels, corrections is only one of many services operated by the government and paid for by tax revenues. Many, if not most, defendants housed in jails are ______. 16-24 Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic models that account the design of most U.S. prisons? Which court decisions held that the basic elements of procedural due process must be present when decisions are made concerning the disciplining of a person in prison? c. Glover v. Johnson a. The graph in Figure 3P-4 shows supply and demand in the market for automobiles. d. people. Men between which ages are more prone to violence? d. assimilation. .tg {border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;} State prisons for men are usually classified according to the level of ______ deemed necessary. The law which is distinguished from church law is called _____. a. place them with a gang. b. incapacitation Traditionally, women have received ___________ treatment from judges. One of the future needs for intermediate sanctions and community corrections in clarified _______. He or she will discuss the standard of proof that jurors should apply to the case - beyond a reasonable doubt in a criminal case, preponderance of the evidence in a civil case. The leasing of prison residents to private entrepreneurs first hold in the _________. Judges may deviate from the sentencing guidelines if aggravating or _________ circumstances exist. The sharing of myths, slang, customs, rewards, and sanctions of a smaller, isolated, separate group of people in society is called: The prison is recognized as a functioning community with its own values, roles, language and customs. Almost 60 percent of American's jails ________ clients for at least some of the medical care they receive. Use of community justice tactics to deter the person who committed the crime. d. all of these. State of Illinois Department of Corrections Which of the following are not street-level bureaucrats? The emphasis of the ______ on the importance of hard work and on the sinfulness of sloth sparked European reformers to urge that some means be used to provide work for the idle poor. The new movement that seeks to establish correctional programs falling between standard probation and prison is called: For most of US history, the Bill of Rights was interpreted as protecting individuals from the acts of the ________. .tg .tg-lqy6{text-align:right;vertical-align:top} >>Appeals, How Courts Work Home | The opening of both Western (1825) and Eastern State (1829) Penitentiaries in Pennsylvania marked the full implementation of the _________ system of corrections. c. juvenile Factors of Western criminal law are all of the following EXCEPT __________. $650,000 In 2014, Virginia judges using the tool sent nearly half of those defendants to alternatives to prison, according to a state sentencing commission report. >>Officers of the Court What group(s) is/are affected by the bias that can be present in selecting who receives intermediate sanctions over others? The decision to _______ is a factor influencing the filtering process. 50,000 >>Cross-examination a. c. less serious. WebJudges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are: A.too lenient B.lacking consistency C.indeterminate D.limited limited Most correctional clients in the United >>Motions after Verdict d. all of these. .tg .tg-9353{border-color:inherit;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:top} ceased to be a realistic portrayal of the contemporary prison. As many as ________ percent of child molesters were themselves molested as children. b. d. local government. New alternative programs are filled with people who formerly would have been placed __________. a. prisonization. Local assistance programs for incarcerated people are usually operated by community self-help volunteers. Private enterprise has __________ played a role in American corrections. In instances when parole supervision is being revoked, people who committed a crime possess various _______ rights. Current assets d. forgotten offenders. In giving the instructions, the judge will state the issues in the case and define any terms or words that may not be familiar to the jurors. d. neglectful, In 1844, the __________ was created with the goal of improving the treatment of female prisoners and separating them from male prisoners. d. doing time. b. the same as Sometimes judges will explain what basic facts are in dispute, and what facts do not matter to the case. American have traditionally tended to equate which of the following with punishment? The drug abuser presents ______ problems for corrections. Webjudicial discretion. Responsibility of housing federal pretrial detainees belongs to _______. Many newer correctional facilities, especially maximum-security facilities, have been built in the _______ style . They include wider nets, stronger nets, and __________. __________ is an alternative to incarceration, which allows convicted people to be treated in the community under supervised conditions. b. informal code. >>Discovery a. educational WebWhen the questioning is complete, the attorneys for both sides meet with the judge to pick the jury for the trial. b. fewer problems with those prisoners who are known politicians 25 million In prison, gangs are organized primarily to: A house of ________ was a detention facility that combined the major elements of the workhouse, poorhouse, and penal industry by both disciplining the incarcerated individuals and setting them to work. Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of America's current jail population? c. gang tensions According to the Supreme Court, the concept of "totality of conditions" may be used to determine whether like in a correctional environment constitutes ___________. In the 1800s, jails began to change in response to __________. The judge reads the instructions to the jury. Who defines the enforcement of the criminal law in the United States? b. Elizabeth Fry Athens expects a useful life of four years for the software and total revenues of $5,000,000\$ 5,000,000$5,000,000 during that time. b. women's sentences are generally short. The American penitentiary was first conceptualized by _________. >>Closing Arguments c. 2.5 times higher >>Motions after Verdict 22,000 At present, the focus of corrections has shifted to: In the wake of the Civil Rights Movement, incarcerated people demanded their constitutional rights as _____. Courts and Legal Procedure | In prison terminology the "fish" is a(n): Which of the following is one of the categories of crimes under the jurisdiction of federal criminal law? https://quizlet.com/97734104/corrections-ch-9-12-regionals-flash-cards The legislature, president, or governor has the ability to give an agency the power in the areas of health, safety, and the environment to implement ______________. d. 3.7 billion, Probation granted under conditions of strict reporting to a probation officer with a limited caseload is known as: WebJudges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are what? Unless the sentence is specified by statute and mandatory, judges who are facing a sentence range have some discretion in their choice of a particular sentence. During 2019, revenue of $1,000,000\$ 1,000,000$1,000,000 was recognized. b. segregated in prisons but not jails. d. All of these, Generally, women's prisons lack not only adequate vocational and educational programs but also: b. is constitutionally determined An amount of money paid to the victims of a crime or to their relatives. c. spawned a great deal of humanitarian reform in the eyes of the public. >>Presentation of Evidence by the Defense The courts have upheld the right of female corrections officers to pat down ________. A widespread misconception of rape led it to be defined as _________. d. sex. Being poor Social relationships in women's prison appear: The concept of selective incapacitation rests on the idea that ________. Prostitution is considered more a(n) _______ crime than a sex crime. c. 10,000 Jeremy Bentham's classic prison design known as the ________ called for a circular building with a glass roof and cells on each story and around the circumferences of the penitentiary so that the convicted people could be viewed at all times to ensure they were abiding by prison rules. The United States Sentencing Commissions has limited The leasing of prison residents to private entrepreneurs first hold in the _________. prison administration should be reserved for the government. .tg td{border-color:black;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:14px; To combat ambiguities in classification correctional administration have started using _________. 10,000 More than two-thirds of people under correctional authority are: b. place gang members in solitary confinement. >>The Jury Pool d. bias. a. ceased to show a limited understanding of the contemporary prison. >>Mistrials >>Selecting the Jury c. They permit individuals to act according to clearly defined roles and rules d. the Department of Homeland Security. Jails are the ______ the formal correctional system. __________ is a system of government in which power and responsibility are divided between a national government and state governments. a. Over __________ dollars in fines is collected annually in the United States. WebThis button displays the currently selected search type. /content/aba-cms-dotorg/en/groups/public_education/resources/law_related_education_network/how_courts_work/sentencing, >>Diagram of How a Case Moves Through the Courts, >>Pre-Trial Court Appearances in Criminal Cases, >>Presentation of Evidence by the Defense. _______ was an English prison reformer whose research and writing led to the passage of the Penitentiary Act of 1779 by the House of Commons. d. courtyard style, The __________ model was dominant in the 1960s and early 1970s. 1. of ethics you would look for in an c. not given corporal punishment as men were. d. Federal Bureau of Prisons. d. fire fighting. The usual stock does not satisfy inmate's needs. The right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment is found is which Amendment? According to sociologists, the "big house" image of the American prison has ________. Critics of private prisons charge that the profit incentive may result in _________. The founder of the classical school of criminology was ______. c. significantly affected the delivery of programs. In recent years, America's prison population has been ______. b. Alternative sanctions tend to be designed for _________. a. Home confinement is best suited to ________. release to an addiction treatment facility. d. individual program supervision. The authors of the text divide some of the controversies, issues, and themes that arise in the study of corrections into three main areas: upholding social values, ________, and ________. Women's Benevolence Association In a typical group of 30 or so young adults, it is likely that ________ has been locked up. Knowledge of the effectiveness of deterrence is limited because _____________. The Human Side of Being a Judge | Private enterprise has _________ played a role in America corrections. . 25-32 What religious group in Europe held the religious monopoly during the Enlightenment? >>Presentation of Evidence by the Defense Judges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are _______. The judge will advise the jury that it is the sole judge of the facts and of the credibility (believability) of witnesses. In Cooper v. Pate (1964), the Supreme Court ruled that the Civil Rights of 1871 imposes ________ on any person who deprives another of constitutional rights. Elizabeth Fry was instrumental in the women's prison movement and advocated for which of the following: d. was thwarted by male overseers and legislators. Treatment options for people in jail are mainly limited by ______. b. two third b. control gambling and extortion within the institution. decrease the money supply in the following situations. c. human beings. d. there is a relatively small number of women in prison and jail. a. Dalton Someone convicted of ______ is very likely to be the target of threats, violence, and hostility while incarcerated. Today's prison construction is greatly influenced by _______. New alternative programs are filled with people who formerly would have been placed _____. d. nonexistent. Which time period is known as the Enlightenment or the Age of Reason? When compared to men, the offenses women commit are usually d. Gang, Each year approximately ___________ correctional staff members are assaulted by inmates. a. control an institution's drug trade. a. nutritional services. Pretrial diversion targets mostly what type of offenses? Prepare the journal entries to record the development costs in 2018 and 2019. c. medical services. A regularly interacting or interdependent group of items whose operations are directed toward common goals and influenced by the environment is known as a(n) ___________. a. the institution of strict regimes in prisons. d. 1980s. For instance, judges may typically consider factors that include the following: the defendant's past criminal record, age, and sophistication whether the defendant genuinely feels remorse. What factors do judges use in determining sentences? c. Montana d. homosexual. The judge may read sections of applicable laws. >>Pre-trial Procedures in Civil Cases Judges sometimes complain They relieve the tensions of prison life. c. it is inadequate for a large number of offenders. a. the federal government. d. all of these. The prison design most often used for female and juvenile prison resident is _________. Required: Pretrial diversion targets mostly what type of offenses? b. male In the wake of the Civil Rights Movement, prisoners demanded their constitutional rights as: Which of the following is NOT one of the major models of incarceration that have dominated since the 1940s? b. b. in prison $100,000 b. offenders with substance abuse issues. b. socialization. b. extortion 2013 d. antiganging, Racist __________ have become part of the inmate code and is sometimes forced upon inmates merely by association. Punishment of criminals that is intended to be an example to the public and to discourage the commission of offenses by others is known as _________. a. cable TV. The term wergild refers to which of the following? d. less expensive. _________ are direct descendants of 12th-century English feudal practices. Current liabilities This is commonly referred to as the judge's At least ________ people are detained in a jail at some time during the year. a. intensive supervision program Here are comparative statement data for Dean Company and Gerald Company, two competitors. b. newcomer. d. restitution. a. had little impact on how facilities are run. a. jumping out WebWhat are the three basic sentencing structures indeterminate sentences determinate sentences mandatory sentences Do most Western democracies impose the death 130,000 b. reintegration The _______ approach to criminology is based on the assumptions that human behavior is a product of biological, economic, psychological, and social factors, and that the scientific method can be applied to ascertain the causes of individual behavior. Eastern State Penitentiary was designed by ______. Money or other compensation is awarded to a plaintiff in a civil action when the person sued has ______ liability. Mediation, American Bar Association America's oldest prison was built in 1798. Explain your answer. Behaviour outside of the courtroom can also be at issue. >>Arrest Procedures b. telephone pole design b. programming. d. affiliation. Based on the fact that a small group of criminally active people are responsible for a majority of crimes, the term career criminal began to be used to refer to those ______. b. too lenient. Probation granted under conditions of strict reporting to a probation officer with a limited caseload is known as ___________. What group(s) is/are affected by the bias that can be present in selecting who receives intermediate sanctions over others? The average person incarcerated in federal prison tends to be a white male who has committed a _______ offense. b. juveniles. Determine whether it would be appropriate for the Federal Reserve to increase or He or she will note that the jurors are to base their conclusions on the evidence as presented in the trial, and that the opening and closing arguments of the lawyers are not evidence. The _________ refers to an institution intended to isolate incarceration people from society and each other so that they could reflect on their past misdeeds, repent, and undergo reformation. >>Cross-examination b. make prison rape illegal. Lex talionis embodies which of the following principles? African Americans are ___________ times more likely to be in prison than whites. b. the Secret Service. managing the correctional organization; working with offenders. Approximately ______ of female inmates are currently incarcerated for violent offenses. employer. A majority of imprisoned veterans are incarcerated for _______ offenses. 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