Then, I set the BlockBasedProvider as the provider for the view controller, completing the injection. I and, if allowed, other participants can add. Otherwise, use fetchShares(matching:) to see if you have objects matching the objectID in question. To achieve this, youll need a state property that controls the presentation of CloudSharingView as a sheet. That method works for documents saved to the current iCloud account. To get the most out of this session, check out our previous videos on NSPersistentCloudKitContainer: "Using Core Data With CloudKit" from WWDC19 and "Sync a Core Data store with the CloudKit public database" from WWDC20. Once you accept the share on the second device, its now part of your shared zone in iCloud. It is capable of handling large file transfers seamlessly. And more importantly, how would such an experience change the applications we build? As you prepare to present your CloudSharingView, you need this property because the second parameter of CloudSharingView is a CKContainer. Sync user data between multiple apps from the same developer. Figure 48 3, for example, shows a share link loaded into the Mail app ready to be sent: When a user receives a share link and selects it, a dialog will appear providing the option to accept the share and open it in the corresponding app. The SharingProvider has methods for binding. Youll use the default share when you present the CloudSharingView. we have built in to NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. Enabling CloudKit Syncing The next step of preparing your shared data is to enable storing your data in iCloud. So I'll tap Mail and then enter the information for my friends. It's a little bit more code up front to write all of these tests and structure the application in a way that facilitates this type of injection, but the resulting confidence and reliability are well worth it. In this simple Note application, with a single user switching between devices, youre not likely to see too many conflicts in a live concurrency sense. Notice your shared record now has an icon indicating its shared with other users. Youll build this action in this tutorial. Open CoreDataStack.swift. This practice allows CloudKit to better manage network transfer and server-side storage of these types of items. Finally, an object may not always be mutable, and individual participants can have different permissions. I can send it to my friends as an iMessage or email. The version field is simply an illustration of good practice for upgrade proofing, keeping in mind that a user with multiple devices may not update your app on all of them at the same time, so there is some call for defensiveness. Save the changes. To edit or update the caption or description, tap the destination cell to see the detail screen. Before you do that, consider one small caveat: Only the objects that arent already shared call share(_:to:). directly to specific call sites in my application. Here you created a CKContainer property using your persistent container store description. An Overview: [WWDC 2016] Session 226 - What's New with CloudKit If you want to start diving into the new documentation, check out: CKShare CKShareParticipant CKFetchShareParticipantsOperation Enter a topic above and jump straight to the good stuff. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer typically manages a private zone. There's a lot of new API to learn about. Let's get started with sharing. On Apple platforms, there are a number of ways we can share the data our applications create. We call them the owner and the participants. It is important to be aware that this fetch operation must be executed on the shared cloud database instance of the app instead of the recipients private database. Change the permission to View only. In my .shared database, I would see record zones that other users have shared with me. A general guideline is to use com.company_name.bundle_identifier. where my friends and I can share our photos with each other. Prior to the release of iOS 10, the only way to share CloudKit records between users was to store those records in a public database. The final step is to set the cloudKitContainerOptions property for the sharedStoreDescription you created. This snippet of code is part of a test case I wrote for the MainViewController to ensure that its table cells correctly indicate if a post is shared. Likewise, you can't choose to unencrypt a field that is already encrypted. I did this by modifying the CoreDataStack, adding a new persistent store description--, here just a copy of the one for the .private store, Then, I set its CloudKit container options, to be configured to mirror persistent stores, I adopted a new method on NSPersistentCloudKitContainer, share(_ managedObjects: to share: completion:). Open CoreDataStack.swift. depending on whether or not they are the owner of those zones. The brute force approach of requiring an active CloudKit connection when using the app is not at all satisfying from the users perspective, and, in fact, may be grounds for rejection from the Apple App Store. Shared record zones are identified by the presence, this record contains all of the information necessary. Did you figure it out? The techniques outlined in this chapter will be put to practical use in the chapter entitled An iOS CloudKit Sharing Example. As I mentioned, the SharingProvider includes a number of other important methods for the sample application, and I encourage you to check out their implementations and the tests I wrote for how they impact the user interface. So let's take a look at exactly how NSPersistentCloudKitContainer shares objects. Checks whether the object is shared. Look for the ToolBarItem that contains the Text("Edit") button. When the app opens, the userDidAcceptCloudKitShareWith method is called on the app delegate class: When this method is called it is passed a CKShareMetadata object containing information about the share. Thus, your AppDelegate should call application.registerForRemoteNotifications in didFinishLaunchingWithOptions and implement didReceiveRemoteNotification. These silent pushes happen entirely without user visibility or interaction, and as a result, dont require the user to enable push notification for your app, saving you many potential user-experience headaches as an app developer. What is the easiest way to share files between users with CloudKit? So I'll change the share options to mark the share as View Only. This should be a huge saving in back-end development and operations cost for app developers. Hiring? NSPersistentCloudKitContainer manages these zones and automatically assigns records to them. Streaming is available in most browsers, and in the WWDC app. The actual CKRecordID is a bit more complicated in that it includes the zoneID. Were you able to figure it out? Here I'm setting the isSharedBlock to call the contains method of the set I created. CloudKit app require a few items to be enabled on the Capabilities Pane of the Xcode Target: iCloud (naturally), including the CloudKit checkbox, Push Notifications, and Background Modes (specifically, remote notifications). What is the easiest way to share files between users with CloudKit? These values are decrypted locally on device after they're downloaded from the CloudKit server, and they're encrypted locally on device before they are uploaded to the CloudKit server. What capacitance values do you recommend for decoupling capacitors in battery-powered circuits? At the moment, when you launch the app, entries in your journal all look the same. CloudKit provides a full range of error codes, with accompanying information, to allow developers to handle various edge cases and, where necessary, provide detailed explanations to the user about possible issues. introduced in the "What's New in CloudKit" session. A participant is any other iCloud account that is allowed to operate on those objects in some way. In the window that comes up, enter your containers name. To demonstrate how sharing works with NSPersistentCloudKitContainer, I'm going to be using our sample application, Syncing a Core Data Store with the Cloud. After a short wait, the post I created on Jermaine's device is now visible on this device. You could solve this by creating a CKRecord that contains a CKAsset which is the file that you want to share. Theres one minor bug with your app at the moment. You need to extract information about the participants of this share. With the introduction of CloudKit sharing it is now possible for individual app users to share private database records with other users. Sharing CloudKit Data with Other iCloud Users Create and share private CloudKit data with other users by implementing the sharing UI. With sharing, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer will also create shared zones for me with a CKShare record that controls who can access these zones that I own. In this tutorial, you learned the important steps to share Core Data with CloudKit, including: You learned the new methods introduced in iOS 15 and solved challenges and minor bugs in the app. One user shows up as a Owner and the other as a Private User, with both users having Read-Write permissions. From here, tap the Share button in the top-right corner. after they're downloaded from the CloudKit server. After the share has been saved to the database, the cloud sharing controller needs to be notified that the share is ready to be sent. With this code in place, build and run on your second device. The end goal is not only to display shared entries but also to get information about the people participating in the share. But let's take a look at how NSPersistentCloudKitContainer uses Record Zone Sharing to share managed objects. to combine the .private and .shared databases. We call them the owner and the participants. The code above stores a reference to each store when its loaded. See that data now exists at the bottom in the Participants section. Let's look at that change in a bit more detail. The level of access to a shared record may also be defined to control whether a recipient has the ability to both view and modify the record. You would need a unique identifier for that CKRecord. Thats it! To complete the demo, I had to make two other changes. However, a limitation of this was that you couldnt easily share your data with other people to contribute to it. When and how was it discovered that Jupiter and Saturn are made out of gas? Then just create a deplink that includes that unique identifier. Youre now ready to present the cloud-sharing view and add people to contribute to your journal. that constrain how they can act on a particular set of objects. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. For iOS and macOS, Apple provides a robust toolkit, called CloudKit API, which allows developers targeting Apple platforms to solve this synchronization problem. The only way to distinguish the private records versus shared records is to tap the detail and view the role in the participants list. that controls who can access these zones that I own. The app designer is always in the best position to define rules for these situations, which can include everything from context-aware automatic merging to user-directed resolution instructions. This is the default database that data gets written to. that other users can view and, if desired, contribute to. The SharingProvider protocol makes it easy. But our applications are usually designed to manage large collections of data. CloudKit supports both the concept of public and private databases. So how does NSPersistentCloudKitContainer know where to keep your records? that is allowed to operate on those objects in some way. The first iteration of Core Data in iCloud on iOS worked on top of document storage and employed the same iCloud APIs. whether or not to convert the title of a post. First off, you need to make sure youre starting from a valid CKRecord. I am not going to get very fancy in my example; I am using the modified field to declare that the most recent update wins. But in my application, I took a slightly different approach. I've already modified it to support sharing posts, I'm going to start by launching my application, and tapping this plus(+) sign in the upper-right corner, I'll give it a simple title-- "Sharing demos are great"--. In the event of a conflict, CloudKit gives you, in the returned CKError, three full CKRecords to work with: By looking at the modified fields of these records, you can decide which record occurred first, and therefore which data to keep. First, update your container type to NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. into instances of CKRecord that are stored in CloudKit. This seems to be a good tool for that: https://github.com/usebutton/ios-deeplink-sdk I needed a way to ensure they all work correctly. Sign in to your Apple ID. which tells it I'm ready to continue the sharing flow. When a record is shared, a share link is sent to the recipient user in the form of a URL. that he is a Read-Only participant on the share. Learn SwiftUI and take your iOS Development to the Next LevelSwiftUI Essentials iOS 16 Edition book is now available in Print ($39.99) and eBook ($29.99) editions. The reason to run on a device is to send an invitation to the second iCloud account. I might need to know whether or not an object is shared. Build and run again. Second, enable the iCloud capability in your app. This second step may be repeated in the case of a conflict. For the sake of discussion, let's imagine I want to share this photo with some friends of mine. a number of API methods to align with each of these concerns. If you attempt to select record type as CD_Destination and query records from here, you receive an error stating Field recordName isnt marked queryable. Click Query Records to see a listing of the record(s) you created in the app earlier! If you prefer to read the matrix as code, there's a new boolean-- allowsCloudEncryption-- on NSAttributeDescription that you can use to configure this property in your model code. A record? Once set up, operations are passed to the CKDatabase object, where theyll be executed on a background thread. Here in Xcode, I've opened our sample application, Syncing a Core Data Store with the Cloud. For example purposes, I included a basic sanity check to make sure I am updating the correct record, and then update the fields and notify the delegate that we have new data. If necessary, you then pass the updated server record to CloudKit to write the new record. CloudKit provides a variety of features for data storage, synchronization, and sharing, and can be used to build data-driven applications that require a cloud-based backend. Loading a note is very straightforward. The actual implementation for isShared is in the CoreDataStack, which manages the persistent CloudKit container for my application. Figure 48 2 shows an example share options settings screen: Once a method of communication has been selected by the user from the cloud sharing controller, the completion handler assigned to the controller will be called. Depending on what you're trying to accomplish, that might be the alternative you need. However, such conflicts can arise from other circumstances. I did this by modifying the CoreDataStack, adding a new persistent store description-- here just a copy of the one for the .private store with a different URL. Our users need all of that information so that they can make good decisions about the objects they choose to share. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer uses a new feature in CloudKit called Record Zone Sharing, covered in more detail in the session "What's New in CloudKit." Launching the CI/CD and R Collectives and community editing features for How to share Core Data between multiple users? A participant is any other iCloud account. From this screen, you can take a few actions. Now, you should see a Button with Label("Delete", systemImage: "trash"). Next, add the following code below the // TODO: 3 comment: This code adds your shared NSPersistentStoreDescription to the container. The first is the notion of a set of actors. It's been my pleasure to introduce just some of the changes we've made to NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to support sharing. and how to operate on records and objects. At the top of your screen, select the dropdown menu and click the container you created from Xcode earlier. 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