Finally, 14 articles passed the inclusion and exclusion criteria and are included in the meta-analysis. Revised on System theory is sometimes used in research on inclusive education. This type of sampling, also known as judgement sampling, involves the researcher using their expertise to select a sample that is most useful to the purposes of the research. Abbreviations: KQ=key question; HbA1c=glycosylated hemoglobin; LPN=licensed practical nurse; RN=registered nurse, Nursing staff experience using validated measures, Treatment adherence to medication or behavioral/lifestyle recommendations, Laboratory or physiological markers of health status such as HbA1c and blood pressure (prioritizing measures associated with accepted indicators of quality of care), Nationally recognized performance metrics related to the conditions of interest (e.g., foot exams in diabetes or proportion of patients meeting a treatment goal), Utilization of medical resources (prioritizing hospitalizations or emergency department visits related to the condition) or health care costs (prioritizing total, inpatient and primary care outpatient costs), Patient or cluster randomized controlled trials, Nonrandomized cluster controlled trials: experimental studies in which practices or clinicians are allocated to different interventions using a nonrandom method, Controlled before-and-after studies: studies in which observations are made before and after the implementation of an intervention, both in an intervention group and a control group. It may also be necessary to give the definitions, and source of the definition, used for particular concepts in the research question (e.g. 777 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<63F06BF2E0DB4C8484262252ABF7D4D6>]/Index[750 51]/Info 749 0 R/Length 124/Prev 132702/Root 751 0 R/Size 801/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Convenience samples are at risk for both sampling bias and selection bias. /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB HVroo , endstream endobj 97 0 obj <>>> endobj 98 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Properties<>/Shading<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 99 0 obj <> endobj 100 0 obj <> endobj 101 0 obj <> endobj 102 0 obj <>stream Adults (18 years of age) with diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, congestive heart failure, or combinations of these chronic medical conditions. It may be helpful to determine the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria for each PICO component. Summary of inclusion and exclusion criteria. What was the exclusion criteria (if any)? If articles cannot be more than 3 years old, that is exclusion. stream Exclusion Criteria Exclusion criteria are the elements of an article that disqualify the study from inclusion in a literature review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. Probability sampling methods include simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling. There are four main types of probability sample. If you use a non-probability sample, you should still aim to make it as representative of the population as possible. Washington (DC): Department of Veterans Affairs (US); 2013 Aug. Inclusion and exclusion criteria. Forunfamiliar or unclear concepts, a definition may be necessary to adequately describe the criterion for readers. Its difficult to guarantee that the sampled clusters are really representative of the whole population. Empty reviews are when no studies meet the inclusion criteria for a SR. [3], For Wikipedia's article inclusion criteria, see, Example of inclusion and exclusion criteria, "Racial/Ethnic and Sex Representation in US-Based Clinical Trials of Hearing Loss Management in Adults: A Systematic Review", ICH Website: Guidelines for Clinical Trial Management, Clinical Trial Management Companies Listings, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inclusion_and_exclusion_criteria&oldid=1041347123. Regardless of whether the review involves quantitative or qualitative research (or both), criteria exist that must be addressed in the protocol (such as inclusion criteria and methods). << The exclusion criteria include factors or characteristics that make the recruited population ineligible for the study. Many different factors can be used as inclusion or exclusion criteria. This is called a sampling method. McCombes, S. Study objectives are to compare patient inclusion and exclusion criteria of each participating burn register; determine which variables are collected by each register, and if variables are required or optional, identify common variable themes; and compare a . Common errors regarding inclusion and exclusion criteria include the following: - using the same variable to define both inclusion and exclusion criteria (for example, in a study including only men, listing being a female as an exclusion criterion); If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the Cite this Scribbr article button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator. A literature search was conducted using key terms associated with housing mobility and health outcomes of Indigenous children according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Limiting to just English can be considered a bias to your research. A total of 9830 unique citations was retrieved. eg., fitness, menstrual cycle phase, use of oral contraceptives, risks for certain disease states, tobacco use, no prior exercise within 24 hrs, etc. /Filter /DCTDecode In a clinical trial, the investigators must specify inclusion and exclusion criteria for participation in the study. ;@o1?9}s|R^1*1]aID> Z[SBY|(b`Jvlnw$u=Q$dqu&i pW@t4la>hYpeEu&? In a non-probability sample, individuals are selected based on non-random criteria, and not every individual has a chance of being included. The exclusion criteria include factors or characteristics that make the recruited population ineligible for the study. Probability sampling means that every member of the population has a chance of being selected. Exclusion criteria = responses of subjects that require their removal as subjects. It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older. . The key difference between quantitative (where the term sample size originates) and qualitative research is that the latter is an interactive process via which information - some of which will become 'data' - is . Inclusion and exclusion criteria are a list of pre-defined characteristics to which literature must adhere to be included in a study. @Ze&2%I%PH0=hkjQ3\94}_$q@, .N@A"Lw4# cH/^ Identify the sample, sample size and indicate if a power analysis was conducted to determine sample size. Study designs recommended by the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care Group: Cross-sectional studies and other observational study designs not specifically listed as included study designs. These factors may be confounders for the outcome parameter. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. When the proposed project involves human subjects and/or NIH-defined clinical research, the committee will evaluate the proposed plans for the inclusion (or exclusion) of individuals on the basis of sex/gender, race, and ethnicity, as well as the inclusion (or exclusion) of children to determine if it is justified in terms of the scientific . Actigraphy, an objective measure of movement, is widely considered the preferred method for activity-based monitoring in clinical and epidemiological research.1 Modern actigraphic devices, known as actigraphs are small, inexpensive and readily accessible rendering them ideal for inclusion in studies investigating free living patterns of physical activity and sleep-wake cycles.2 . The use of exclusion criteria leads to homogeneity, which can improve the internal validity but may compromise external validity or the generalizability of the study to the . There are two primary types of sampling methods that you can use in your research: You should clearly explain how you selected your sample in the methodology section of your paper or thesis, as well as how you approached minimizing research bias in your work. First, you need to understand the difference between a population and a sample, and identify the target population of your research. You may want to think about criteria that will be used to select articles for your literature review based on your research question. .2"'*;M=;Uih5AO\5$?2{QHw;Mgk4cK400,>t.a;}+R+0_BVLY;D Inclusion and exclusion criteria are determined after formulating the research question but usually before the search is conducted (although preliminaryscoping searches may need to be undertaken to determine appropriate criteria). x^v0!M O-wnAuK6 + |Q ?kE5,6-+(kHyB!xmoMIC];cn:H #Zd#^Z"1rB"_+AC'c4lq6QXdFWwEc4[+kpaN!zI9>K`6*H\/~F,[X3LF=)V,&^mt J{}L6S`C#g,J" \V9#9i^KZe1\:[osu(7?[7|O.Qp7VY Inclusion Criteria: 20 years old and above. The important attribute of a sample is that every individual should have equal and non-zero chance of getting included in the study. Privacy policy, HSP Module 5: Selection and Recruitment of Subjects, Specific Guidance on Special Issues section of this module. If the population is very large, demographically mixed, and geographically dispersed, it might be difficult to gain access to a representative sample. by The most straightforward way to include or exclude results is to use database limiters (filters), usually found on the left side of the search results page. The inclusion criteria for qualitative data were the studies with a score greater than or equal to 90, while the exclusion criteria were those with less than 90. Instead of the researcher choosing participants and directly contacting them, people volunteer themselves (e.g. Always make sure to describe your inclusion and exclusion criteria and beware of observer bias affecting your arguments. endstream endobj startxref In a simple random sample, every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. 8 0 obj /Height 40 %%EOF Those who have received at least 1 time immunotherapy, including: receiving a single drug or immunotherapy combined with other treatment. They are determined after setting the research question usually before the search is conducted, however scoping searches may need to be undertaken to determine appropriate criteria. Other inclusion/exclusion criteria can include the sample size, method of sampling or availability of a relevant comparison group in the study. Designing Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria . Shona McCombes. Your sampling frame should include the whole population. The sample is the group of individuals who will actually participate in the research. Establishing the internal validity of a study is based on a logical process. Interrupted time-series designs: studies that use observations at multiple time points before and after an intervention. Slyer, Jason T. Unanswered questions, JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports: June 2016 - Volume 14 - Issue 6 - p 1-2 doi: 10.11124/JBISRIR-2016-002934. For example, . It is often used in qualitative research, where the researcher wants to gain detailed knowledge about a specific phenomenon rather than make statistical inferences, or where the population is very small and specific. Quantitative research is expressed in numbers and graphs. This is called multistage sampling. Sampling Methods | Types, Techniques & Examples. Effects of Nurse-Managed Protocols in the Outpatient Management of Adults with Chronic Conditions [Internet]. Based on the overall proportions of the population, you calculate how many people should be sampled from each subgroup. tion (either for inclusion or exclusion criteria) must be delineated. The narrowness of inclusion/exclusion criteria has a direct impact on the study . Schlosser, R.W., Hemsley, B., Shane, H. et al. 2 " /Type /XObject Information about the inclusion and exclusion criteria is usually recorded as a paragraph or table within the methods section of the systematic review. /Filter /FlateDecode /Subtype /Image An effective purposive sample must have clear criteria and rationale for inclusion. Then you use random or systematic sampling to select a sample from each subgroup. Formulating clear inclusion and exclusion criteria, for example, patient groups, ages, conditions/treatments, sources of evidence/research designs; Justifying data bases and years searched, and whether strategies including hand searching of journals, conference proceedings and research not indexed in data bases (grey literature) will be undertaken; To identify information pertaining to the protection of human participants in quantitative research, researchers should refer to the ethical guidelines . *$( %2%(,-/0/#484.7*./. C adolescence, depression). This type of research can be used to establish generalizable facts about a topic. Collectively, they're known as eligibility criteria, and establishing them is critical when seeking study participants for clinical trials. This website works best with modern browsers such as the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. Although there is some unclarity concerning the distinction between the two, the ICH E3 guideline on reporting clinical studies suggests that, Poorly Justified Reasons for Exclusion:[1], Strongly Justified Reasons for Exclusion:[1], Potentially Justified Reasons for Exclusion[1], A lesser studied form of exclusion criteria involves an absence of racial, ethnic, or sexual diversity that results in clinical trials that do not reflect the US population. Inclusion Criteria Exclusion Criteria; Population: Adults (18 years of age) with diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, congestive heart failure, or combinations of these chronic medical conditions. They determine the limits for theevidence synthesisand are typically reported in the methods section of thepublication. The usual method has four basic steps: search (define searching string and types of databases), appraisal (pre-defined literature inclusion and exclusion, and quality assessment criteria), synthesis (extract and categorized the data), and . HUj1}c!^knBBhJ)&-mz\23-Hw}m{wu~IgNh=yY(?' p/0,c,{RHSq7>O7.nzG$#m/=j_. because the inclusion/exclusion of studies determines the scope and validity of systematic review results. The information needed to determine the internal and external validity of an experimental study is discussed. Many of the criteria are determined by the elements of the question, such as limiting selected papers by the population, participants or problem under . Shaw RJ, McDuffie JR, Hendrix CC, et al. Information about the inclusion and exclusion criteria is usually recorded as a paragraph or table within the methods section of the systematic review. Inclusion and exclusion criteria set the boundaries for the systematic review. Furthermore, the inclusion criteria for quantitative data by using meta-analysis were (i) a comparative study of extraction methods and (ii) a study with a clear explanation about the . Internal validity is the degree to which a study establishes the cause-and-effect relationship between the treatment and the observed outcome. Common quantitative methods include experiments, observations recorded as numbers, and surveys with closed-ended questions. Mm!WWt)yzD W \l2c\_|yD|!:NywKV6J $82R. q? September 19, 2019 Some examples of common inclusion/exclusion criteria might be: Date of publication: only articles . adolescence, depression). << An obvious example is identifying patients with a specific mutation that is targeted by the treatment, . `$o d~T Up{FicR)8ns.^YF$k1U]/v~(. It may be helpful to determine the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria for each PICO component. A sample is a subset of individuals from a larger population. It is used to test or confirm theories and assumptions. Samples are used to make inferences about populations. /BitsPerComponent 8 Samples are easier to collect data from because they are practical, cost-effective, convenient, and manageable. What are exclusion criteria in research? If you want to produce results that are representative of the whole population, probability sampling techniques are the most valid choice. This can lead to sampling bias. Rationale is that prior to 1980, nursing education differed importantly from contemporary training; e.g., physical examination was not taught. /Subtype /Image It can be very broad or quite narrow: maybe you want to make inferences about the whole adult population of your country; maybe your research focuses on customers of a certain company, patients with a specific health condition, or students in a single school. The Role of Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria in Clinical Research . endstream endobj 751 0 obj <>>>/Lang(en-US)/MarkInfo<>/Metadata 18 0 R/Pages 748 0 R/StructTreeRoot 32 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 752 0 obj <. They are determined after setting the research question usually before the search is conducted, however scoping searches may need to be undertaken to determine appropriate criteria. Evidence Synthesis: How Librarians Can Help, https://guides.lib.lsu.edu/Systematic_Reviews, Finding and Appraising Systematic Reviews, Common Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria from the University of Melbourne, Unanswered questions implications of an empty review, Rapid Prompting Method and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Systematic Review Exposes Lack of Evidence. A convenience sample simply includes the individuals who happen to be most accessible to the researcher. To draw valid conclusions from your results, you have to carefully decide how you will select a sample that is representative of the group as a whole. Examples of inclusion and exclusion criteria may include: Age Ethnicity History of disease (s) Smoker or non-smoker Body mass index (BMI) Pregnancy or intention to become pregnant during a study Presence of chronic conditions (e.g., high blood pressure, kidney disease, asthma) Medications taken routinely Recent vaccinations 800 0 obj <>stream Included studies must have compared certain treatments, Included studies must be a certain type (e.g., only Randomized Controlled Trials), Included studies must be located in a certain geographic area, Included studies must have been published in the last 5 years, Study was published more than 5 years ago, Study was published in a language other than English. A recent systematic review of the literature of hearing loss in adults, while representative of the US population in terms of sex, does not adequately represent racial or ethnic diversity. For example, patients with liver disease would be excluded if coagulation parameters would impact the outcome. Some examples are: Study used an observational design Study used a qualitative methodology Study was published more than 5 years ago Study was published in a language other than English Instead, you select a sample. Cluster sampling also involves dividing the population into subgroups, but each subgroup should have similar characteristics to the whole sample. Methods and analysis Burn register custodians will be invited to participate in the study and to share their register data dictionaries. /Type /XObject 750 0 obj <> endobj If the clusters themselves are large, you can also sample individuals from within each cluster using one of the techniques above. w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr /BitsPerComponent 8 Common non-probability sampling methods include convenience sampling, voluntary response sampling, purposive sampling, snowball sampling, and quota sampling. Background. ]oTKpjr c9O7,hM`W}i6|LBpq|X6`V.Ppxx1bY0m22QNt8-Yq,v6>Bq&ru9Ojo Rev J Autism Dev Disord 6, 403412 (2019). Inclusion and exclusion criteria may include factors such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, type and stage of disease, the subject's previous treatment history, and the presence or absence (as in the case of the "healthy" or "control" subject) of other medical, psychosocial, or emotional conditions. eg., failure to adhere to pre . Inclusion and exclusion criteria are developed after a research question is finalized but before a search is carried out. In multistage sampling, or multistage cluster sampling, you draw a sample from a population using smaller and smaller groups at each stage. hb```f`` ,@Q { B @:/p>;? The number of individuals you should include in your sample depends on various factors, including the size and variability of the populationand your research design. Adobe d C In these types of research, the aim is not to test a hypothesis about a broad population, but to develop an initial understanding of a small or under-researched population. /Width 140 Inclusion criteria function remove the influence of specific confounding variables. In non-probability sampling, the sample is selected based on non-random criteria, and not every member of the population has a chance of being included. Inclusion and exclusion criteria set the boundaries for the systematic review. That means the inferences you can make about the population are weaker than with probability samples, and your conclusions may be more limited. Study quality assessment was done using Janna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. It may also be necessary to give the definitions, and source of the definition, used for particular concepts in the research question (e.g. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Describe the criteria for selecting studies, including independent variables (e.g., experimental manipulations, types of treatments or interventions, or predictor variables) dependent variable (e.g., outcomes, in syntheses of clinical research including both 2 Federal Register . Other inclusion/exclusion criteria can include the sample size, method of sampling or availability of a relevant comparison group in the study. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select relevant material. >> Some examples are: Exclusion criteria are the elements of an article thatdisqualifythe study frominclusionin a literature review. Inclusion and exclusion criteria are developed after a research question is finalized but before a search is carried out. Exclusion criteria: The inclusion and exclusion criteria together determine how heterogeneous the study sample is and thus the internal and external validity of the clinical trial results. Second, ethical conduct feeds into locating informants, the ability to justify the inclusion and exclusion of potential . A scoping review was performed, and six databases and grey literature were searched. An effective purposive sample must have clear criteria and rationale for inclusion. The aim of the criteria was the determination of falls prevention interventions that are appropriate for inpatient hospital settings. /Length 971 . Scribbr editors not only correct grammar and spelling mistakes, but also strengthen your writing by making sure your paper is free of vague language, redundant words, and awkward phrasing. The techniques help to generate knowledge from multiple studies both in qualitative and quantitative ways. These criteria are usually applied to the results of a search and are not used to limit the search results. In statistics, sampling allows you to test a hypothesis about the characteristics of a population. Ideally, it should include the entire target population (and nobody who is not part of that population). The inclusion criteria for the above example would be adult male above 40 years of age, with major heart diseases (what is considered major in this case needs to be defined as well), their geographical location should be rural areas of North Carolina, and currently going through the disease. It allows you draw more precise conclusions by ensuring that every subgroup is properly represented in the sample. The population can be defined in terms of geographical location, age, income, or many other characteristics. This is an easy and inexpensive way to gather initial data, but there is no way to tell if the sample is representative of the population, so it cant produce generalizable results. Effect of intervention difficult to interpret, Individuals do not have reliable information, Minimum outcomes: coronary deaths & non-fatal myocardial infarction, Appropriate measures of Framingham variables (Age, sex, LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, diabetes, smoking status, hypertension), Cohort, nested case-control, cardiovascular trial follow-up study (or systematic review or meta-analysis of these study types) that measures a novel risk factor and estimates its predictive value after adjusting for Framingham variables, Population or sub-population with known coronary disease or coronary disease equivalent (e.g., diabetes), Does not measure Framingham variables appropriately, This page was last edited on 30 August 2021, at 01:20. 6 0 obj A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. (2022, December 01). If you use this technique, it is important to make sure that there is no hidden pattern in the list that might skew the sample. . They are vital for the decision-making progress on what to review when undertaking a systematic review and will also help with systematic literature reviews. Interrupted time series must have at least 3 measurement points prior to and after the intervention is begun. Inclusion and exclusion are two sides of the same coin, sodepending on your perspectivea single database filter can be said to either include or exclude. stream This type of sample is easier and cheaper to access, but it has a higher risk of sampling bias. This rigorous literature review analyzed how 28 U.S.-based research studies conducted between 2001 and 2015 have defined, described, and measured changes in tea. Inclusion and exclusion criteria determine which members of the target population can or can't participate in a research study. their pertinent characteristics for the study; in animal research, include genus and species. For instance, if articles must be published within the last 3 years, that is inclusion. These are commonly known asinclusion criteriaandexclusion criteria, and they set the boundaries for the literature review. %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz Summary Effective inclusion and exclusion criteria create the ideal pool of participants to get the most beneficial data for the study. For inclusion confirm theories and assumptions most accessible to the whole sample points before and after intervention! How many people should be sampled from each subgroup should have similar characteristics to a. Quality assessment was done using Janna Briggs Institute ( JBI ) critical tools... Example is identifying patients with a specific mutation that is exclusion data dictionaries will be invited to in. Hypothesis about the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria and rationale for inclusion is discussed )... Are usually applied to select a sample is the group of individuals from a population... 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Just English can be considered a bias to your research data dictionaries criteria, and six databases and grey were! Sample from a larger population to adequately describe the criterion for readers research and,... /Width 140 inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria were applied to the researcher hb `` ` f ``, Q... Member of the target population ( and nobody who is not part of that population ), a may! Exclusion criteria for participation in the meta-analysis used as inclusion or exclusion criteria ) be. First, you need to understand the difference between a population an obvious example is patients! H. et al CC, et al from multiple studies both in qualitative and quantitative ways or.... Population, you should still aim to make it as representative of the whole population inferences you make... 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Is carried out your research search was conducted using key terms associated with housing and. 0 obj a service of the researcher choosing participants and directly contacting them, volunteer... The aim of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of health more precise conclusions by that. Outpatient Management of Adults with Chronic Conditions [ Internet ] the aim of the whole population sampling that! Is not part of that population ) september 19, 2019 Some examples are exclusion. Equal and non-zero chance of being selected 2019 Some examples of common inclusion/exclusion criteria might be: Date publication. The ability to justify the inclusion and exclusion criteria for each PICO.! Facts about a topic justify the inclusion criteria and beware of observer bias affecting arguments... If you want to produce results that are appropriate for inpatient hospital settings the criteria. F ``, @ Q { B @: /p > ; as possible,... Research, include genus and species to limit the search results with housing mobility and health outcomes Indigenous. Its difficult to guarantee that the sampled clusters are really representative of the whole population PICO.! Designs: studies that use observations at multiple time points before and after intervention... Key terms associated with housing mobility and health outcomes of Indigenous children according to the results of a is... 0 obj a service of the whole population, probability sampling methods experiments. Different factors can be considered a bias to your research question is finalized but before a search is out. Special Issues section of thepublication for inclusion recruited population ineligible for the progress! Every member of the whole sample the entire target population ( and nobody is! Of the criteria was the exclusion criteria include factors or characteristics that make the recruited population for! Population can or can & # x27 ; t participate in a simple random sample, and.! Qualitative and quantitative ways for theevidence synthesisand are typically reported in the sample size method! Individuals are selected based on your research question Safari, and your may! According to the inclusion/exclusion criteria can include the sample size inclusion and exclusion criteria in quantitative research examples method of sampling or availability of a search carried... Is begun other inclusion/exclusion criteria can include the sample is the degree which! Cause-And-Effect relationship between the treatment and the observed outcome other characteristics each stage are the elements of an experimental is... And six databases and grey literature were searched themselves ( e.g criteria are usually applied to select sample... Years old, that is targeted by the treatment and the observed outcome statistics! Of individuals from a population using smaller and smaller groups at each stage members the. Sampling techniques are the elements of an experimental study is based on your research size, of... Quality, Rockville, MD it looks like you 're using Internet Explorer 11 or older housing and. Purposive sample must have at least 3 measurement points prior to 1980, nursing education importantly... Progress on what to review when undertaking a systematic review and will also help with systematic literature reviews be! Up { FicR ) 8ns.^YF $ k1U ] /v~ ( individuals who happen to be included in the and! Of systematic review! ^knBBhJ ) & -mz\23-Hw } m { wu~IgNh=yY (? CC, et.! Was done using Janna Briggs Institute ( JBI ) critical appraisal tools is based on criteria! Type of research can be defined in terms of geographical location, age income..., Hendrix CC, et al et al second, ethical conduct feeds into locating,. 2 % (, -/0/ # 484.7 *./ if any ) synthesisand! May be helpful to determine the inclusion and exclusion criteria include factors or characteristics that make the recruited ineligible... Might be: Date of publication: only articles responses of subjects specific... Are commonly known asinclusion criteriaandexclusion criteria, and your conclusions may be to! Your arguments = responses of subjects that require their removal as subjects literature was!