The following are dual agents under this chapter: (A) A licensee who represents both the purchaser and the seller as clients in the same real estate transaction; (B) A brokerage that represents both the purchaser and the seller as clients in the same real estate transaction; (C) A management level licensee who represents a client in an in-company transaction. Each school, seminar, or educational institution approved under this division shall be open to all licensees on an equal basis. (H) An investigation under this section is subject to section 4735.32 of the Revised Code. (F) The commissioners shall review the hearing examiner's report at the next regularly scheduled commission meeting held at least fifteen business days after receipt of the hearing examiner's report. View Revised Code. For any subsequent offense, the commission shall revoke the license of the broker or salesperson. The basic provisions of Ohio's adverse possession laws are listed below. 12189. (A) The Ohio real estate commission is a part of the department of commerce for administrative purposes. (B) A purchase agreement may provide that in the event of a dispute regarding the disbursement of the earnest money, the broker will return the money to the purchaser without notice to the parties unless, within two years from the date the earnest money was deposited in the broker's trust or special account, the broker has received one of the following: (1) Written instructions signed by both parties specifying how the money is to be disbursed; (2) Written notice that a court action to resolve the dispute has been filed. (H) The suspension or revocation of a real estate broker's or foreign real estate dealer's license automatically shall suspend every real estate salesperson's or foreign real estate salesperson's license granted to any person by virtue of association with the broker or dealer whose license has been suspended or revoked, pending a change of broker or dealer and the issuance of a new license. The Ohio real estate commission may adopt rules in accordance with Chapter 119. of the Revised Code to provide for required disclosures when a licensee terminates an agency relationship and becomes a principal in the transaction. The superintendent or the chancellor of higher education may request from the institution any information the superintendent or chancellor considers necessary to perform this review. (G) A licensee shall submit proof of completion of the required continuing education with the licensee's notice of renewal. No more than twenty-five thousand dollars shall be lent from the fund in any one fiscal year. (D) The disclosure requirements of this section do not apply in any of the following situations: (1) The rental or leasing of residential premises as defined in section 5321.01 of the Revised Code, if the rental or lease agreement can be performed in eighteen months or less; (2) The referral of a prospective purchaser or seller to another licensee; (3) Transactions involving the sale, lease, or exchange of foreign real estate as defined in division (E) of section 4735.01 of the Revised Code; (4) Transactions involving the sale of a cemetery lot or a cemetery interment right. A copy of all research reports shall be submitted to the state library of Ohio and the library of the legislative service commission. When the superintendent determines that prima-facie evidence of a violation of division (A)(21) of section 4735.18 of the Revised Code or any of the rules adopted thereunder exists, the superintendent may do either of the following: (a) Initiate disciplinary action under section 4735.051 of the Revised Code for a violation of division (A)(21) of section 4735.18 of the Revised Code, in accordance with Chapter 119. of the Revised Code; (b) Personally, or by certified mail, serve a citation upon the licensee. (I) A violation of this section is cause for imposing disciplinary sanctions in accordance with the proceedings specified in sections 4735.051, 4735.18, and 4735.32 of the Revised Code. The continuing education may be completed by either classroom instruction or distance education. 2008-Ohio-3820) that subjective intent of one party to acquire property of another is not required to prevail on an adverse possession claim; rather, the claimant must show by clear and convincing evidence that he possessed the disputed property and treated it as his own for a period of 21 years. (b) If the licensee fails to meet the continuing education requirements of section 4735.141 of the Revised Code, the licensee shall satisfy the commission that the licensee has complied with the continuing education requirements within twelve months after the licensee's first birthday after the spouse's discharge or within the amount of time equal to the total number of months the licensee's spouse spent on active duty, whichever is greater. (C) A licensed real estate broker may pay all or part of a fee, commission, or other compensation earned by an affiliated licensee to a partnership, association, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, or corporation that is not licensed as a real estate broker on the condition that all of the following conditions are satisfied: (1) At least one of the partners, members, officers, or shareholders of the unlicensed partnership, association, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, or corporation holds a valid and active license issued under this chapter. harry potter is a dark god fanfiction; mcmillan rifles; transportation from isle of palms to charleston (3) Renewal of a three-year real estate salesperson's license, one hundred eighty-two dollars; (4) Renewal of a real estate broker's or salesperson's license filed within twelve months after the licensee's renewal date, an additional late filing penalty of fifty per cent of the required three-year fee; (5) Foreign real estate dealer's license and each renewal of the license, thirty dollars per salesperson employed by the dealer, but not less than two hundred three dollars; (6) Foreign real estate salesperson's license and each renewal of the license, sixty-eight dollars. (e) Requirements for trust accounts and property management accounts. (2) For purposes of division (A)(1) of this section, if an investigation that is authorized by section 4735.051 of the Revised Code is involved, it shall be considered to be commenced as of the date on which a person files the complaint with the division of real estate. George E. Schroeder, Prosecuting Attorney (A) Every real estate broker licensed under this chapter shall erect or maintain a sign on the business premises plainly stating that the licensee is a real estate broker. (C) Knowledge of or information contained in a brokerage or an affiliated or past licensee's transaction records of any current or previous defect, adverse condition, or repair in real property shall not be imputed to that broker or to other licensees affiliated with that broker. (2) After the conclusion of formal hearings, the hearing examiner shall file a report of findings of fact and conclusions of law with the superintendent, the commission, the complainant, and the parties. Whenever the division or superintendent of real estate is referred to or designated in any statute, rule, contract, or other document, the reference or designation shall be deemed to refer to the division or superintendent of real estate and professional licensing, as the case may be. The commission, in accordance with rules adopted under division (A)(2)(g) of section 4735.10 of the Revised Code, shall impose a special assessment not to exceed ten dollars per year for each year of a licensing period on each licensee filing a notice of renewal under section 4735.14 of the Revised Code if the amount available in the fund is less than two hundred fifty thousand dollars on the first day of July preceding that filing. (CC) "Credit-eligible course" means a credit or noncredit-bearing course that is both of the following: (1) The course is offered by an institution of higher education. A sole broker shall notify affiliated salespersons of the suspension in writing within three days of receiving the notice required by division (C) of this section. (A)(1) The Ohio real estate commission may adopt reasonable rules in accordance with Chapter 119. of the Revised Code, necessary for implementing the provisions of this chapter relating, but not limited to, the following: (a) The form and manner of filing applications for licensure; (b) Times and form of examination for license; (c) Placing an existing broker's license on deposit or a salesperson's license on an inactive status for an indefinite period; (d) Specifying the process by which a licensee may resign the licensee's license; (e) Defining any additional license status that the commission determines is necessary and that is not otherwise defined in this chapter and establishing the process by which a licensee places the licensee's license in a status defined by the commission in the rules the commission adopts; (f) Clarification of the activities that require a license under this chapter; (g) Permitting a broker to act as principal broker for more than one brokerage. If the applicant does not submit both fees within that time period, or if any check or other draft instrument used to pay either of those fees is returned to the superintendent unpaid by the financial institution upon which it is drawn for any reason, the application shall be denied or approval withdrawn. An order in favor of the plaintiff shall not prevent the superintendent, after proper notice and hearing, from subsequently revoking or suspending the qualification for any proper cause which may accrue or be discovered after the order. The superintendent has the right to reject the application of any partnership, association, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, or corporation if the name proposed to be used by such partnership, association, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, or corporation is likely to mislead the public or if the name is not such as to distinguish it from the name of any existing partnership, association, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, or corporation licensed under this chapter, unless there is filed with the application the written consent of such existing partnership, association, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, or corporation, executed by a duly authorized representative of it, permitting the use of the name of such existing partnership, association, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, or corporation. The Ohio real estate commission may use the fund in discharging the duties prescribed in divisions (E), (F), (G), and (H) of section 4735.03 of the Revised Code and shall use it in the advancement of education and research in real estate at any institution of higher education in the state, or in contracting with any such institution or a trade organization for a particular research or educational project in the field of real estate, or in advancing loans, not exceeding two thousand dollars, to applicants for salesperson licenses, to defray the costs of satisfying the educational requirements of division (F) of section 4735.09 of the Revised Code. (D) Every applicant shall take a written examination, prescribed and conducted by the superintendent, which covers the applicant's knowledge of the principles of real estate practice, real estate law, financing and appraisal, real estate transactions and instruments relating to them, canons of business ethics relating to real estate transactions, and the duties of foreign real estate dealers and salespersons. (Q) "Revoked" means the license status in which the license is void and not eligible for reactivation. If a landowner or the landowner's contractor enters the neighbor's property to remove a fence without sufficient notice, that could constitute a trespass under Ohio Revised Code . (B) An out-of-state commercial salesperson may perform those acts that require a real estate salesperson license under this chapter with respect to commercial real estate, provided that the out-of-state commercial salesperson meets all of the following requirements: (1) Is licensed with and works under the direct supervision of the out-of-state commercial broker; (2) The out-of-state commercial broker with whom the salesperson is associated meets all of the requirements of division (A) of this section ; (3) Provides the Ohio broker who is working in cooperation with the out-of-state broker with whom the salesperson is associated, with a copy of the commercial salesperson's current certificate of good standing from the jurisdiction where the out-of-state commercial salesperson maintains an active real estate license in connection with the out-of-state commercial broker; (4) Collects money, including commissions, deposits, payments, rentals, or otherwise, only in the name of and with the consent of the out-of-state commercial broker under whom the out-of-state commercial salesperson is licensed. (C) The superintendent may do all of the following: (1) In connection with investigations and audits under division (B) of this section, subpoena witnesses as provided in section 4735.04 of the Revised Code; (2) Apply to the appropriate court to enjoin any violation of this chapter. (d) Divisions (B)(6)(a)(iii) and (B)(6)(b)(iii) of this section do not apply to any new applicant who holds a valid Ohio real estate appraiser license or certificate issued prior to the date of application for a real estate broker's license. The commission from time to time shall promulgate such canons and cause them to be published in printed form. If the superintendent requires the payment of the examination fee directly to the testing service, each applicant shall submit to the superintendent a processing fee in an amount determined by the Ohio real estate commission pursuant to division (A)(1) of section 4735.10 of the Revised Code. If at any time such salespersons resign or are discharged or new salespersons are added, the dealer forthwith shall notify the superintendent and shall file with the division of real estate the names and addresses of new salespersons. (b) If licensed as a real estate salesperson on or after August 1, 2001, successfully has completed at an institution of higher education all of the following credit-eligible courses by either classroom instruction or distance education: (i) Forty hours of instruction in real estate practice; (ii) Forty hours of instruction that includes the subjects of Ohio real estate law, municipal, state, and federal civil rights law, new case law on housing discrimination, desegregation issues, and methods of eliminating the effects of prior discrimination. No right of action shall accrue to any person, partnership, association, or corporation for the collection of compensation for the performance of the acts mentioned in section 4735.01 of the Revised Code, without alleging and proving that such person, partnership, association, or corporation was licensed as a real estate broker or foreign real estate dealer. The superintendent may, subject to court approval, compromise a claim based upon the application of an aggrieved party. No person shall knowingly make or cause to be made any false representation concerning a material and relevant fact, in any oral statement or in any description, application, or written statement, for the purpose of securing the qualification of any foreign real estate under section 4735.25 of the Revised Code. 3601, as amended; (F) Disclosing to the client any material facts of the transaction of which the licensee is aware or should be aware in the exercise of reasonable skill and care and that are not confidential information pursuant to a current or prior agency or dual agency relationship; (G) Advising the client to obtain expert advice related to material matters when necessary or appropriate; (H) Accounting in a timely manner for all moneys and property received in which the client has or may have an interest; (I) Keeping confidential all confidential information, unless the licensee is permitted to disclose the information pursuant to division (B) of section 4735.74 of the Revised Code. (b) Pays an annual fee, established by the superintendent in an amount not to exceed one hundred dollars, which shall accompany the registration. If the commission finds that a violation has occurred, the commission may assess a civil penalty, in an amount it determines, not to exceed one thousand dollars per violation. The commission shall hear the testimony of the complainant or the parties upon request. The account shall be noninterest-bearing, separate and distinct from any personal or other account of the broker, and, except as provided in division (A)(27) of this section, shall be used for the deposit and maintenance of all escrow funds, security deposits, and other moneys received by the broker in a fiduciary capacity. (3) The unlicensed partnership, association, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, or corporation does not engage in any of the acts specified in division (A) of section 4735.01 of the Revised Code. If feasible, the instruction in Ohio real estate law shall be taught by a member of the faculty of an accredited law school. Turning to the elements of hostility and adversity, the Ohio Supreme Court has stated that any use of the land inconsistent with the rights of the titleholder is adverse or hostile. The brokerage shall provide a copy of its policy developed and maintained under this section to each client or prospective client upon request. However, if the applicant was an inactive or active salesperson immediately preceding application for a broker's license, then the initial licensing period shall commence at the time the broker's license is issued and ends on the date the licensee's continuing education is due as set when the applicant was a salesperson. (B) No brokerage shall participate in a dual agency relationship described in division (C) of section 4735.70 of the Revised Code, unless each of the following conditions is met: (1) The brokerage has established a procedure under section 4735.54 of the Revised Code under which licensees, including management level licensees, who represent one client will not have access to and will not obtain confidential information concerning another client of the brokerage involved in the dual agency transaction. The laws are collected and published in the Ohio Revised Code. (B) Except for a licensee who has placed the licensee's license in resigned status pursuant to section 4735.142 of the Revised Code, each licensed broker, brokerage, or salesperson shall file, on or before the date the Ohio real estate commission has adopted by rule for that licensee in accordance with division (A)(2)(f) of section 4735.10 of the Revised Code, a notice of renewal on a form prescribed by the superintendent of real estate. (F) If, at any time, the money deposited in the fund is insufficient to satisfy any duly authorized claim or portion of a claim, the superintendent shall, when sufficient money has been deposited in the fund, satisfy such unpaid claims or portions, in the order that such claims or portions were originally filed, plus accumulated interest per annum at the rate specified in division (A) of section 1343.03 of the Revised Code. (C) Nothing in this section shall be construed as permitting a licensee to perform any act or service that constitutes the practice of law. (4) The court shall order the superintendent to make such payments out of the fund when the person seeking the order has shown all of the following: (a) The person has obtained a judgment, as provided in this division; (b) All appeals from the judgment have been exhausted and the person has given notice to the superintendent, as required by division (C) of this section; (c) The person is not a spouse of the judgment debtor, or the personal representative of such spouse; (d) The person has diligently pursued the person's remedies against all the judgment debtors and all other persons liable to the person in the transaction for which the person seeks recovery from the fund; (e) The person is making the person's application not more than one year after termination of all proceedings, including appeals, in connection with the judgment. The applicant shall provide the fingerprint impressions using a method the superintendent of the bureau of criminal identification and investigation prescribes and fill out the form the superintendent prescribes pursuant to division (C) of section 109.572 of the Revised Code. Unless the seller so directs, the licensee is not obligated to seek additional offers if the property is subject to a contract of sale, lease, or letter of intent to lease; (2) Accept delivery of and present any purchase offer to the seller in a timely manner, even if the property is subject to a contract of sale, lease, or letter of intent to lease; (3) Within the scope of knowledge required for licensure, answer the seller's questions and provide information to the seller regarding any offers or counteroffers; (4) Assist the seller in developing, communicating, and presenting offers or counteroffers; (5) Within the scope of knowledge required for licensure, answer the seller's questions regarding the steps the seller must take to fulfill the terms of any contract. Within fourteen business days thereafter, the superintendent shall review the report and determine whether there exists reasonable and substantial evidence of a violation of section 4735.18 of the Revised Code by the licensee. There is hereby created the Ohio real estate commission, consisting of five members who shall be appointed by the governor, with the advice and consent of the senate. JX. (2) The parties provide the broker with separate written instructions that both parties have signed that specify how the broker is to disburse the earnest money and the broker acts pursuant to those instructions. As used in Title LVII of the Revised Code: (A) "Real property," "realty," and "land" include land itself, whether laid out in town lots or otherwise, all growing crops, including deciduous and evergreen trees, plants, and shrubs, with all things contained therein, and, unless otherwise specified in this section or section 5701.03 of the Revised Code, all buildings, structures, improvements . The requirements of this division do not apply to an applicant who is admitted to practice before the supreme court. (2) If the real estate salesperson submits an application to leave the association of the suspended broker in order to associate with a different broker, the suspended license of the associated real estate salesperson shall be reactivated and no fee shall be charged or collected for that reactivation. (D) The superintendent, with the consent of the commission, may enter into an agreement with a recognized national testing service to administer the real estate salesperson's examination under the superintendent's supervision and control, consistent with the requirements of this chapter as to the contents of the examination. To receive an extension of time, the licensee shall submit a request to the division of real estate for the extension and proof satisfactory to the commission that the licensee was a disabled licensee at some time during the last three months of the three-year reporting period. If the licensee is a partnership, association, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, or corporation, the full broker's renewal fee shall be required for each member of such partnership, association, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, or corporation that is a real estate broker. (S) "Out-of-state commercial broker" includes any person, partnership, association, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, or corporation that is licensed to do business as a real estate broker in a jurisdiction other than Ohio. (D) Upon filing the application, the applicant shall pay to the superintendent a filing fee of five hundred dollars plus an additional one dollar for each lot, unit, parcel, or interest included in the offering, with the aggregate fee not to exceed two thousand five hundred dollars, and shall deposit with the superintendent a sum the superintendent may require for the purpose of defraying the cost of verifying the statements of the applicant, or for the purpose of determining that the provisions of this chapter have been and will be complied with and that the foreign real estate will not be sold, leased, or dealt in within this state on grossly unfair terms, or in a method or on terms that might defraud or deceive purchasers in this state. Service of process upon any person may be initiated by leaving with the secretary of state or an assistant secretary of state four copies of the process, an affidavit stating the address of the person given on the consent-to-jurisdiction document, and a fee of five dollars. We'll mail the letter to your neighbor on your behalf. All fines collected pursuant to this section shall be credited to the real estate recovery fund, created in the state treasury under section 4735.12 of the Revised Code. (F) The commission may adopt rules that provide for a reduction in the fees established in divisions (B)(2) and (3) of this section. The resignation of a license is considered to be final without the taking of any action by the superintendent. (B) No applicant for a real estate broker's license shall take the broker's examination who has not established to the satisfaction of the superintendent that the applicant: (2)(a) Has not been convicted of a disqualifying offense as determined in accordance with section 9.79 of the Revised Code; (b) Has not been finally adjudged by a court to have violated any municipal, state, or federal civil rights laws relevant to the protection of purchasers or sellers of real estate or, if the applicant has been so adjudged, at least two years have passed since the court decision and the superintendent has disregarded the adjudication because the applicant has proven, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the applicant's activities and employment record since the adjudication show that the applicant is honest and truthful, and there is no basis in fact for believing that the applicant will again violate the laws involved. (A) If the superintendent of real estate has refused to qualify any foreign real estate under section 4735.25 of the Revised Code, or has suspended or revoked the qualification of any foreign real estate, the aggrieved party may appeal in accordance with Chapter 119. of the Revised Code. (B)(1) Any person who obtains a final judgment in any court of competent jurisdiction against any broker or salesperson licensed under this chapter, on the grounds of conduct that is in violation of this chapter or the rules adopted under it, and that is associated with an act or transaction that only a licensed real estate broker or licensed real estate salesperson is authorized to perform as specified in division (A) or (C) of section 4735.01 of the Revised Code, may file a verified application, as described in division (B)(3) of this section, in the court of common pleas of Franklin county for an order directing payment out of the real estate recovery fund of the portion of the judgment that remains unpaid and that represents the actual and direct loss sustained by the applicant. (B) A licensee is not required to discover latent defects in the property or to advise on matters outside of the scope of the knowledge required for real estate licensure, or to verify the accuracy or completeness of statements made by the seller, unless the licensee is aware of information that should reasonably cause the licensee to question the accuracy or completeness of such statements. (4) As used in this division, "armed forces" means the armed forces of the United States or reserve component of the armed forces of the United States including the Ohio national guard or the national guard of any other state. In addition to the penalty provided in section 901.99 of the Revised Code, whoever violates this section is liable in treble damages for the injury caused. A licensee who is seventy years of age or older whose license is in an inactive status is exempt from the continuing education requirements specified in this section. 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